Lactose Intolerance: All You Need To Know

What is lactose?

Lactose, also known as milk sugar, is a natural sugar found in milk and dairy products. Chemically, lactose consists of two simple sugars: glucose and galactose. In order for the body to be able to utilize lactose, it must be broken down into its components in the small intestine by the enzyme lactase. In people with lactose intolerance, not enough lactase is produced, which leads to digestive problems when lactose is consumed.

What is lactose intolerance?

Lactose intolerance, also known as milk intolerance, is a widespread metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly digest lactose, the sugar contained in milk and dairy products.

This is caused by a lack of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into its components. This leads to undigested lactose entering the large intestine, where it is fermented by bacteria. This produces gases and short-chain fatty acids, which cause discomfort.

Statistics on lactose intolerance in the US

Approximately 36 % of the US population experiences various complaints after consuming milk and dairy products—they are lactose intolerant.

So basically, you're one of 119,484,000 US citizens.

Unlike an allergy, food intolerance is not life-threatening (🥳) , but highly uncomfortable for those affected (😕). In some cases, individuals are unaware that they suffer from lactose intolerance. But you're smart and visited this website.

Symptoms

The symptoms of lactose intolerance usually occur 30 minutes to two hours after eating foods containing lactose. The most common symptoms include:

Abdominal pain and cramps
Flatulence and bloating
Diarrhea
Nausea and vomiting

The intensity of the symptoms can vary depending on the amount of lactose ingested and the individual lactase deficiency.

Diagnosis

Lactose intolerance is usually diagnosed by means of a lactose tolerance test or a hydrogen breath test.In the lactose tolerance test, the blood sugar level is measured after ingesting a lactose solution. A slight increase in the blood sugar level indicates lactose intolerance. The hydrogen breath test measures the amount of hydrogen in the breath after consuming lactose, as undigested lactose is broken down by bacteria in the large intestine and hydrogen is released in the process.

Treatment

The treatment of lactose intolerance consists mainly of avoiding foods containing lactose or taking lactase tablets:

Lactose-free foods: the market offers a variety of lactose-free dairy products specifically designed for people with lactose intolerance.
Lactase tablets: These enzyme supplements can be taken before eating lactose-containing foods to help digest lactose.

Prevention and lifestyle

Although lactose intolerance cannot be cured, those affected can control their symptoms well by adjusting their diet and lifestyle. It is important to know your individual tolerance limits and act accordingly. Regular consultations with a doctor or nutritionist can also be helpful to ensure the best possible quality of life.

Tips for everyday life

Food labeling: Pay attention to the ingredients of foods, as lactose can be found in many processed products.
Alternative sources of calcium: As dairy products are an important source of calcium, sufferers should turn to calcium-rich alternatives such as green leafy vegetables, nuts and fortified plant-based dairy products.

Abstract

Lactose intolerance is a common intolerance caused by a lack of lactase. The symptoms can be unpleasant, but can be easily managed with an adapted diet and the use of lactase preparations. Early diagnosis and individual nutritional advice are crucial to improving the quality of life of those affected.